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The Mont Saint Michel Abbey is located within the city and island of Mont-Saint-Michel in Lower Normandy, in the department of Manche. The abbey is an essential part of the structural composition of the town the feudal society constructed. On top God, the abbey and monastery, below this the Great halls, then stores and housing, and at the bottom, outside the walls, fishermen and farmers housing. The abbey has been protected as a French ''monument historique'' from 1862.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Notice #PA00110460 )〕 From 1979 the site as a whole, the Mont Saint-Michel and its bay, has been a UNESCO world heritage site and is managed by the ''Centre des monuments nationaux''.〔(Abbaye du Mont-Saint-Michel - Centre des monuments nationaux )〕 With more than 1.335 million visitors in 2010, the abbey is among the most visited cultural sites in France.〔(Les sites touristiques en France ) Source : Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication / Direction Générale des Patrimoines / Département des études, de la prospective et des statistiques : mémento du tourisme 2011〕 ==History== The first text about an abbey is the 9th-century Latin text ''Revelatio ecclesiae sancti Michaelis in monte Tumba''〔(Ce texte ) sur la ''Révélation concernant l'église de Saint-Michel sur le mont Tombe'', plus souvent abrégé en ''Revelatio'', est conservé dans une trentaine de manuscrits copiés.〕 written by a ''chanoine'' living at Mont Saint Michel or at the ''Cathédrale Saint-André d'Avranches''. This text was written at a time of power struggle between Brittany and the County of Normandy against Francia as well as during canon law reforms by Roman emperors. When Christianity expanded to the area, around the 4th century, Mont Tombe, the original name of Mont Saint Michel, was part of the Diocese of Avranches. By the middle of the 6th century, Christianity had a stronger presence in the bay. By this time, Mont Tombe was populated by religious devotees, hermits (probably some Celtic monks) supplied by the ''curé'' of Astériac, who took care of the site and led a contemplative life around some oratories. The hermits Saint Pair and Saint Seubilion dedicated one of the oratories to Saint Étienne, mid-way through the mont and one to Saint Symphorien, at the foot of the rock. In 710, Mont Tombe was renamed ''Mont Saint Michel au péril de la Mer'' ("Mount Saint Michael at the peril of the sea) after erecting an oratory to Saint Michael by bishop Saint Aubert of Avranches in 708. According to the legend, Aubert received, during his sleep, three times the order from Saint Michael to erect an oratory on the Mont Tombe. The archangel was repured to have left his finger mark on Aubert's skull. This skull is displayed at the Saint-Gervais d'Avranches basilica with such a scar on it. This sanctuary should be, according to the archangel, a replica of the Gargano in Italy (from the 5th century). Aubert had a local religious artifact removed and instead a circular sanctuary built, made of dry stones. Around 708, Aubert sent two monks to get some artifacts from the Italian sanctuary Gargano (a rock with his foot print and a piece of tissue from the altar). During this mission, the March 709 tsunami is supposed to have destroyed the Scissy forest and turned the Mont into an island. On October 16 709, the bishop dedicated the church and put twelve chanoine there. The Mont-Saint-Michel was born. The remains of the oratory were found in the chapel Notre-Dame-Sous-Terre. This sanctuary contained the tomb of Aubert and most likely the artifacts brought from Gargano. The chapel Notre-Dame-Sous-Terre is today under the nave of the abbey-church. The first buildings became too small and under the Western Roman Empire multiple buildings were added. Charlemagne chose saint Michel as a protector of his empire during the 9th century and tried to have the place renamed ''Mont-Saint-Michel'', but during the middle age it is usually called ''Saint-Michel-aux-Deux-Tombes'' (Saint Michel with two tombs) (Mons Sancti Michaelis in periculo maris, in reference to Tombelaine).〔Robert de Laroche, op. cité, p. 39〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mont Saint Michel Abbey」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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